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1.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis ; 17(4): e0011238, 2023 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-20237352

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Leprosy reactions (LRs) are inflammatory responses observed in 30%-50% of people with leprosy. First-line treatment is glucocorticoids (GCs), often administered at high doses with prolonged courses, resulting in high morbi-mortality. Methotrexate (MTX) is an immunomodulating agent used to treat inflammatory diseases and has an excellent safety profile and worldwide availability. In this study, we describe the efficacy, GCs-sparing effect and safety of MTX in LRs. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective multicentric study in France consisting of leprosy patients receiving MTX for a reversal reaction (RR) and/or erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) since 2016. The primary endpoint was the rate of good response (GR) defined as the complete disappearance of inflammatory cutaneous or neurological symptoms without recurrence during MTX treatment. The secondary endpoint was the GCs-sparing effect, safety and clinical relapse after MTX discontinuation. RESULTS: Our study included 13 patients with LRs (8 men, 5 women): 6 had ENL and 7 had RR. All patients had had at least one previous course of GCs and 2 previous treatment lines before starting MTX. Overall, 8/13 (61.5%) patients had GR, allowing for GCs-sparing and even GCs withdrawal in 6/11 (54.5%). No severe adverse effects were observed. Relapse after MTX discontinuation was substantial (42%): the median relapse time was 5.5 months (range 3-14) after stopping treatment. CONCLUSION: MTX seems to be an effective alternative treatment in LRs, allowing for GCs-sparing with a good safety profile. Furthermore, early introduction during LRs may lead to a better therapeutic response. However, its efficacy seems to suggest prolonged therapy to prevent recurrence.


Subject(s)
Erythema Nodosum , Leprosy, Lepromatous , Leprosy , Male , Humans , Female , Methotrexate/therapeutic use , Retrospective Studies , Erythema Nodosum/drug therapy , Erythema Nodosum/complications , Leprosy/drug therapy , Leprosy, Lepromatous/complications , Glucocorticoids , Recurrence
2.
Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie - FMC ; 1(8, Supplement 1):A84-A85, 2021.
Article in French | ScienceDirect | ID: covidwho-1520955

ABSTRACT

Introduction La lèpre est une des premières causes de neuropathies dans le monde. Son évolution peut être marquée par des complications immunologiques appelées réactions lépreuses. La réaction de type 1 ou réaction de réversion (RR) est responsable d’une infiltration rapide et douloureuse des lésions cutanées et de névrites potentiellement sévères et irréversibles. La réaction de type 2 ou érythème noueux lépreux (ENL), est une réaction à complexes immuns caractérisée par des nodules inflammatoires douloureux associés à des signes généraux. La prise en charge thérapeutique des réactions lépreuses repose avant tout sur la corticothérapie générale prolongée, source de morbidité importante. La thalidomide, alternative thérapeutique efficace dans l’ENL, est d’utilisation limitée par sa toxicité et sa tolérance médiocre. Au cours de la RR, des immunosuppresseurs conventionnels comme la ciclosporine ou l’azathioprine ont été utilisés mais les données d’efficacité et de tolérance sont parcellaires dans cette indication, et leur disponibilité réduite dans les pays d’endémie. Dans la littérature, une vingtaine de cas d’efficacité du MTX ont été rapportés. L’objectif de l’étude vise à analyser l’efficacité et la tolérance du méthotrexate (MTX) au cours des réactions lépreuses ainsi que l’épargne cortisonique. Matériel et méthodes Il s’agit d’une étude rétrospective multicentrique incluant l’ensemble des patients suivis pour une lèpre et ayant reçu du MTX dans le cadre d’une réaction lépreuse de type 1 et 2 depuis 2016. Résultats Un total de 13 patients ont été inclus, 5 femmes et 8 hommes. Les réactions étaient : ENL (n=10) et RR (n=9). La dose médiane de MTX était de 20mg par semaine avec une durée médiane de traitement de 14 mois. Au cours du traitement, 9/13 patients n’ont pas eu de récidive réactionnelle sous MTX. Parmi les 4 patients ayant récidivé, on notait 3 RR et 2 ENL. La dose de prednisone était réduite de 86 % en moyenne lors de l’arrêt du MTX. Un sevrage en corticoïdes était obtenu chez 5 des 11 patients sous CTC. La tolérance du MTX était correcte. Un patient a présenté une cytolyse grade II. Parmi les 8 patients ayant arrêté le MTX (3 pour conception, 1 pour cytolyse, 1 pour nausées, 2 pour inefficacité, 1 pour COVID-19) 6 ont récidivé dans un délai médian de 8 mois après l’arrêt du MTX (3–13). Discussion Il s’agit de la plus grande cohorte rapportant l’intérêt du MTX pour limiter les récidives réactionnelles au cours de la lèpre et permettre une épargne cortisonique. Le MTX semble être une alternative de choix dans le traitement des réactions lépreuses corticodépendantes avec un profil de tolérance favorable. L’efficacité suspensive plaide en faveur d’une utilisation prolongée pour limiter la fréquence des rechutes à l’arrêt. La disponibilité et le coût réduit du MTX permettent d’envisager une utilisation dans les pays d’endémie.

3.
Int J Infect Dis ; 114: 90-96, 2022 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1474624

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study measured the impact of the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic (COVID-19) (March-April 2020) on the incidence of bloodstream infections (BSIs) at Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), the largest multisite public healthcare institution in France. METHODS: The number of patient admission blood cultures (BCs) collected, number of positive BCs, and antibiotic resistance and consumption were analysed retrospectively for the first quarter of 2020, and also for the first quarter of 2019 for comparison, in 25 APHP hospitals (ca. 14 000 beds). RESULTS: Up to a fourth of patients admitted in March-April 2020 in these hospitals had COVID-19. The BSI rate per 100 admissions increased overall by 24% in March 2020 and 115% in April 2020, and separately for the major pathogens (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, enterococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, yeasts). A sharp increase in the rate of BSIs caused by microorganisms resistant to third-generation cephalosporins (3GC) was also observed in March-April 2020, particularly in K. pneumoniae, enterobacterial species naturally producing inducible AmpC (Enterobacter cloacae...), and P. aeruginosa. A concomitant increase in 3GC consumption occurred. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic had a strong impact on hospital management and also unfavourable effects on severe infections, antimicrobial resistance, and laboratory work diagnostics.


Subject(s)
Bacteremia , COVID-19 , Cross Infection , Sepsis , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bacteremia/drug therapy , Bacteremia/epidemiology , Cross Infection/drug therapy , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Humans , Pandemics , Retrospective Studies , SARS-CoV-2 , Sepsis/drug therapy
4.
Eur Respir J ; 56(4)2020 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-890060

ABSTRACT

Major epidemics, including some that qualify as pandemics, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), HIV, influenza A (H1N1)pdm/09 and most recently COVID-19, affect the lung. Tuberculosis (TB) remains the top infectious disease killer, but apart from syndemic TB/HIV little is known regarding the interaction of viral epidemics and pandemics with TB. The aim of this consensus-based document is to describe the effects of viral infections resulting in epidemics and pandemics that affect the lung (MERS, SARS, HIV, influenza A (H1N1)pdm/09 and COVID-19) and their interactions with TB. A search of the scientific literature was performed. A writing committee of international experts including the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Public Health Emergency (ECDC PHE) team, the World Association for Infectious Diseases and Immunological Disorders (WAidid), the Global Tuberculosis Network (GTN), and members of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Group for Mycobacterial Infections (ESGMYC) was established. Consensus was achieved after multiple rounds of revisions between the writing committee and a larger expert group. A Delphi process involving the core group of authors (excluding the ECDC PHE team) identified the areas requiring review/consensus, followed by a second round to refine the definitive consensus elements. The epidemiology and immunology of these viral infections and their interactions with TB are discussed with implications for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of airborne infections (infection control, viral containment and workplace safety). This consensus document represents a rapid and comprehensive summary on what is known on the topic.


Subject(s)
Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Virus Diseases/epidemiology , BCG Vaccine/therapeutic use , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis , Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Coronavirus Infections/immunology , Epidemics , HIV Infections/diagnosis , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV Infections/immunology , Humans , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype , Influenza, Human/diagnosis , Influenza, Human/drug therapy , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Influenza, Human/immunology , Lung/immunology , Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis , Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Pneumonia, Viral/immunology , Public Health , Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy , Respiratory Tract Infections/immunology , SARS-CoV-2 , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/diagnosis , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/drug therapy , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/epidemiology , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/immunology , Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Tuberculosis/immunology , Tuberculosis/prevention & control , Virus Diseases/diagnosis , Virus Diseases/drug therapy , Virus Diseases/immunology
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